Where do British Birds Go in Winter?
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The UK has recently faced bouts of extreme weather, with Storm Darragh wreaking havoc across several regions over the weekend.
While people are busy braving the turbulent weather, it’s worth remembering that humans aren’t the only ones struggling to adapt.
Many bird populations in the UK go to great lengths to escape the harsh climate, migrating to other countries in search of more forgiving conditions. And who can blame them?
But which birds make these incredible expeditions? Maria Kincaid, the head ornithologist at FeatherSnap, sheds light on the birds you won’t be seeing as much of this winter due to their migratory habits.
Swallows and house martins: Southern Africa
In winter, Swallows and House Martins travel all the way to Southern Africa.
“This astounding journey is nearly 10,000 miles long, which is very impressive considering their tiny size!
“They do this for a variety of reasons, including the desire to find more abundant food sources. Their diet primarily consists of insects, which become scarce in the UK as temperatures plunge.
“Warmer temperatures found in South Africa also make for ideal conditions for these birds to take refuge in the colder months.
“While these birds were once common, they have become increasingly rare, accounting for roughly half of their population a decade ago.”
“If you want to see them again, they are expected to return in late March or early April.”
Cuckoos: Tropical Africa
“Cuckoos migrate to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa, more specifically to regions like the Congo Basin.
“Similarly to Swallows, they do this due to the abundance of food and stable climate, which boost their chances of survival.
“The birds only stay in the UK for a short period, leaving in June and returning toward the end of April or the beginning of May.
“So, if you fancy your chances of spotting one, you’ve not got much time to do it, making it all the more impressive if you do catch one in action.”
Swifts: Southern Africa
Swifts, another summer visitor in the UK, also make a lengthy journey to Southern Africa for the winter.
“Swifts are expert fliers, spending most of their lives on in the air. Their migration is one of the lengthiest, however, they tackle it with ease due to their streamlined body and long, narrow wings.
“These birds rely on a consistent supply of flying insects, making migrating away from the UK for long periods essential for their survival.
“Swifts typically leave the UK in late August or early September and return in early April-May.”
Garden Warbler: Southern Africa
Garden Warblers opt for a shorter journey compared to some of their peers, spending the winter in Southern Africa.
“These birds thrive in the warmer climate, with fewer winter challenges such as adverse weather conditions or depletion of food.
“On their journey, they make stops in the likes of the island of Ponza and other West African countries to recharge.
“The journey may not be as extreme as those made by Swifts or Swallows, but it is equally important.”
Redstart: West Africa
Redstarts, known for their dark orange plumage and clear, whistling song, travel to West Africa for the winter.
“West Africa offers the perfect wintering ground for Redstarts. They typically leave the UK in late summer and return in April.”
“These birds are a joy to spot in spring when they return to the UK to breed.”
